Anton richard breinl



"(No Model.) A. R. BRE'INL.

APPARATUS POR'TEAOHING ARIT-HMETIC. N0. 604,9 63. I "Patented May 31,1898.

MRLQQ v gm/paw UNITED STATES" PATENT T OFFICE.

ANTON RICHARD BREINL, OF GRASLITZ, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

APPARATUS FOR TEACHING ARITHMETIC.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 604,963, dated May 31,1898.

7 Application filed November 1, 1897. Serial No. 7,092. (No model.) 7

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANTON RICHARD BREINL, manufacturer, a resident ofGraslitz, in the Kingdom of Bohemia, Empire of Austria-Hungary, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Use inTeaching Arithmetic, of which the following is a specification.

The reckoning or counting apparatus forming the object of the presentinvention is a device for teaching counting to children, which device inaddition to the ordinary calculating operations of addition andsubtraction is intended to teach children in an easilycomprehensiblemanner also multiplication and division.

The apparatus consists of ten wires arranged in a frame and one hundredballs adjustable on the ten wires, ten of such balls being, as usual,arranged on each wire and serving, as usual, for enabling children toeasily grasp the operations of calculation.

The present improved apparatus may be as easily used for multiplicationand division as hitherto was the case for addition and subtraction.

Numbers from 10 to 1, diminishing from the left to the right, arearranged on the two longitudinal bars L L of the frame from one end upto the center of the same, while the left vertical upright or bar Visprovided with similar figures increasing from thetop to the bottom insuch a way that to each figure one of the horizon-tal rows of ballscorresponds and lies opposite the corresponding wire. These figuresmarked on the top and bottom bars in addition and subtraction serve asvalue-numerals and in multiplication or division as factors orquotients. The other corresponding factors or divisors are figures shownon the side bar V. On theback of the frame a table P, of paper or othersuitable material, is attached by means of pins 8, Fig. 2, which tableor sheet carries on its front side in ten rows the products formed fromthe figures contained on the top bar L or bottom bar L and side bar V,which'products are arranged in ten vertical rows, so that these productsin vertical rows stand under and above the figures on the top and bottombars L L and in horizontal rows against the figures on the side bar V.On the rear side of the Multiplication calculations may be easily andcomprehensibly taught in the following manner: If, for instance, thequestion be put to a child how much is four times one, the following isthe procedure after all the balls have been pushed on thehereinbefore-described calculating-table to the right side in order toallow of their being more easily overlooked. The figure l lying oppositethe first row of balls on the side bar V is always to be remembered bythe child as the figure which is to be multiplied-that is to say, it isthe multiplicand. The child then takes the first ball of this row andpushes it into the vertical row beneath the figures shown on the top barL successively from 1 to 2, to 3, and to ,4 and counts once, twice,thrice, four times, whereupon the ball standing on the product 4 givesthe latter as the result. The operations indicated by dotted lines inFig. 1 show various examples of multiplication. Calculation of divisiontakes place in a reverse manner. For instance, How manytimes is 6contained in 18? or How much is 18+ 6 3 6 is the divisor, and thisalways gives the number of the horizontal row. In this the child finds18, pushes the ball then onto that number, and having found the verticalrow travels along the same to the top or bottom bar L L, which shows thequotient 3 as the result. When the child has become more experienced, itcan carry out these calculating operations in the opposite way, asshownby the dotted arrow II in Fig. 1, the multiplicand and multiplicator anddivisor and quotient then reversing or changing places.

The apparatus is shown in the accompanying drawings, in'which Figure 1is an elevation, and Fig. 2 a section on the line a; a: of Fig. 1.

I declare that what I claim is 1. In a device for teaching arithmetic,the combination with a frame, of ten wires carried thereby, each of saidwires being provided with ten adjustable balls, a numerical tableattached to the back of the frame and having figures, the products ofthe numbers from l to 10, arranged thereon in ten horizontal and tenvertical rows, the top and bottom bars of the frame having numbers from10 to l arranged thereon opposite the ends of the vertical rows offigures on the table, and the side bar V of the frame having numbersfrom l to 1O arranged thereon opposite the ends of the horizontal rowsof figures on the table, said horizontal and vertical rows of figures onthe numerical table,sho\vin g at their points of intersection, theproducts of the figures 0pposite their ends on the side bar V and endbars, respectively, of the frame, to which points of intersection theballs on the Wires are adapted to be moved, substantially as described.

2. In a device for teaching arithmetic, the combination with a frame, ofa numerical table attached to the back thereof and having a series ofnumbers arranged thereon in vertical and horizontal rows, and a seriesof numbers arranged on the bars of the frame opposite the ends of thevertical and horizontal rows of numbers on the numerical table, saidvertical and horizontal rows of numbers on the numerical table being theproducts of the numbers opposite their ends on the bars of the frame,substantially as described.

3. In a device for teaching arithmetic, the combination with a frame, ofa numerical table attached to the back thereof and having a series ofnumbers arranged thereon in vertical and horizontal rows, a series ofnumbers arranged on the bars of the frame opposite the ends of thevertical and horizontal rows of numbers on the numerical table, saidVertical and horizontal rows of numbers on the numerical table beingproducts of the numbers on the bars of the frame, and a Writingtabletattached to the back of the numerical table, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed myname in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ANTON RICHARD BREINL.

Witnesses:

ADoLPH FISCHER, HENRY SCHMOLKA.

